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Letters Patent N 92,111, dated June 29, 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH-INSULATORS The Schedule referred to in theseLetters Patent and makin ipart oi the same.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that, I, W. EDGAR SIMONDS, of Hartford, in the county ofHartford, and State of Connectic-ut,ha\'e invented a new and usefulImprovement in Telegraph-\Vire Insulators; and Ideclare the followii lgto be a full and exactdc-scription thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the "marks of reference thereon. formingapartof this spccitication.

do the drawings Figure 1' is a sectional elevation of an insulator,bearing my improvement, supported upon a standard or-pc Figure 2 is asectional elevation of what is commonly known as a Mola -insulator,bearing my improvement.

'lhe letter a designates the insulator proper, which is made of glass,hard rubber, tlint, or any other proper non-conducting material.-

The letter I: designates the linc-wire,-secured to the insulator proper,by any of the well-known methods.

The letter cdesignates the. supporting-peg or standard, which is madepret'crablyofmallcable iron. Upon itis cast, or otherwise secured thecap (I, whose edge or lip projects up into, but does not touch thegroove e, in the bottom of the insulator proper.

The lower part of the insulator proper extends down into the cup, so asto nearly or quite touch the bottom.

Into the cup isplaced, by ponrim while in a state of fusion, or by anyother proper process, some nonconducting or insulatlug-substance, suchas, for instance, and prell-rably,paialiine wax, which should not quitefill the cup.-

This last-mentioned insnlating-substance is designated in the drawings,(both ligurcs,) by the letter 8.

Any electrician or other pcrsml fairly skilled in telegmphy, orelectrical science, will readily umlerstand, from the above description,that the surface of the insnlatbig-substance, s, is almost perfectlyprotected from the influence of the weather; and it, is thisarrangemcntand ellect which constitutes the essential element of uyinvention claimed herein.

There are two kinds of telcgrapli-insulators in common use, the one kindsiqiported on a standard or peg, and the other, often termed a hookinsulator, where the line-wire is pendentfrom a hook, whose shank isscrewed orotln-rwisc. fastened into the insulatorproper, which, in itsturn, is fastened into a wooden arm or block, or iron sing, or some.substitute therefor.

l have already shown how my improvementis applicable. to the formerkind. 1 will now show how it, is applied to the latter.

In lig.

'lhe lui'ul' A designates the. woo-.lcn block, above referred to, whichmight as well be the iron casing 1eferred to, or its substitute.

The letter a designates the 'iusulatorpropcr, made of any propernon-conducting material, and which is fastened into the wooden block, orits equi 'alent, by any ot'the well-known methods.

The letter 0 designates the shank, which terminates, at the bottom, in abifurcated hook, which supports the line-wire l). t

The shank c is fastened into the insulator proper, firmly, by any of thewell-known methods in common use.

On the shank c is cast, or otherwise secured, the cup-(Z, which juts upinto a shallow opening, 1;, in the bottom of the block A. but does nottouch the block an \'where Thus the interior of the cup (I is fullysecluded and protected from the weather.

The insulator proper extends down into the cup, so as to near] y .orquite touch the bottom.

Into the interior of the cup (1 is placed, by pouring, while in a stateof fusion, or by any other proper process, any proper non-conductingmaterial, as, for instance, aud preferably, paralfinc wax, whichmust-not quite till the cup (I.

This last-mentioned insulatingsubstance is designated by the letter 3,and, precisely as in fig. 1, its surface is protected from the weather.

It must; be always understood, in applying my improvement to either formof insulator described herein, or to any equivalent form, that thestandard or shank 0, mustbo firmly fastened into the insulator proper,a, so that it; will not, shake or wabble in its socket in the least;otherwise the necessary continuity of contact between the insulatorproper and the non-comlucting substance 8, will be disturbed, andconsequeuthr the insulation impaired.

If glass is employed for the material of the insulator proper, thisrigid fastening can probably be attained by some modification of theprocess employed in making the well-known Lcfi'erts insulator.-

it hard rubber is employed, some modification of the method employed inmaking the well-known hardrubber hook-insulator? will probably answer.

In any case, no part of my invention consists in doing this, as it hasalready been effected in different; ways, but the successful working ofmy improvement depends upon itsbeing well done.

In making the form of insulator shown in fig. 2, it; is probably best tofirst fasten the shank into the insulator proper, then pour, orotherwise place the insulatbig-substance s in'ihc cup, and lastly,fasten the insulator proper into the block A, or its equivalent.

In making the form shown in tig.-1, it will probably be best to lirstfasten the standard into the insulator proper, and then force suchinsulating-substances, as

pamfline wax, and the like, into the cup, through a tube, while in astate of fusion.

In using, forthis PIll'POSQ-llltlttlifll which does not admit of suchtreatment, it will probably be best to place the insulating-substance inthe cup, and then fasten the standard into the insulator proper, makingthe whole one continuous operation.

I am well aware that the cup (I, formed, constructed, and used in themanner described, is an invention made prior to the date of thisspecification, but the extension of the insulator proper downinto thecup, so as to nearly or quite touch the bottom, and the placing of aninsulating-substance, s, in the cup, and

around such extension of the insulator proper, so as to form anunbroken, continuous surface, from the insulator proper to the inside ofthe cup, over which the electricity must pass, in order. to escape, is anew thing, and is my invention.

1 claim as my invention- 1. As new article of manufacture, a telegraplrwire insulator, having an insulatirig-substance, s,-intcrposed, in themanner described, between the insulator proper, a, and the cup (I, thewhole being arranged and constructed as described, for the purposedescribed.

2. The combination, herein described, of the insulator proper, a,constructed as described, the insulating-substance s, and the cup (I,the whole constructed, arranged, and operating as described for thepurpose described. 1

Dated May 14, 1869. r

W. EDGAR SIMONDSJ Witnesses p Eowm E. MARVIN, Room: \VELLS.

